The 50 Hz frequency is used in electrical power systems due to a combination of historical and technical reasons, including a compromise between motor efficiency and transmission loss, and suitability for steam turbine generators. A 50 Hz system allows for lower core losses in transformers and a longer lifespan for electrical equipment compared to 60 Hz systems.

Technical and efficiency reasons

Reduced core losses: At 50 Hz, transformers and other magnetic equipment have lower core losses compared to 60 Hz systems, which leads to greater efficiency and less heat generation.

Longer equipment life: The lower frequency can reduce stress on electrical equipment, leading to a longer service life.

Efficient motors: Motors designed for 50 Hz systems can be more efficient than those designed for 60 Hz systems, requiring less energy to produce the same amount of power.

Long-distance transmission: 50 Hz systems are better for long-distance power transmission due to lower line losses.

Corona losses: A 50 Hz system has lower corona losses compared to a 60 Hz system, which is the energy loss that occurs due to a hissing sound and violet glow around high-voltage conductors.